# Bone Lab: sources, coverage and limits Independent APSM 2441 study aid. Review marks are stored only in each browser. Canvas links require the course login. ## Current scope **Current scope — October 5, 2026:** the [Practical 2 Bones and Bony Landmarks Reference Guide.docx](https://smu.instructure.com/courses/152868/files/13675299?module_item_id=3339396) is mapped in `curriculum.json`: 142 guide targets across axial and appendicular regions. The original [Canvas guide](https://smu.instructure.com/courses/152868/files/13675299?module_item_id=3339396) are preserved with a hash and Canvas metadata. All 116 content rows in the extracted instructor text were audited, expanding the grouped carpals, tarsals, numbered metacarpals/metatarsals and phalanges into model entries. This is coverage of the guide, not a claim that all atlas locations are exact or all specimens are represented. Five guide targets remain excluded from automatic quizzes for annotation limits, listed below. Ten earlier activity targets and fifteen long/compact-bone worksheet checklist entries remain supplemental; omissions in this guide are not treated as instructor exclusions. `curriculum.json` owns the current term/model mapping and guide coverage. ## Geometry and licensing The locally stored skeleton comes from [Z-Anatomy, Models of human anatomy](https://github.com/Z-Anatomy/Models-of-human-anatomy), `Z-Anatomy.zip`, `Startup.blend` (archive file date May 2, 2023). Original source geometry retained; 252 surface meshes selected as of October 5, exported to GLB, source transforms preserved, render material replaced. No procedural bone shapes or invented internal anatomy were substituted. Attribution: **BodyParts3D – The Database Center for Life Science – CC BY-SA 2.1 Japan. Z-Anatomy – The libre 3D atlas of anatomy – CC BY-SA 4.0.** Z-Anatomy authors include Kousaku Okubo, Gauthier Kervyn and Marcin Zielinski. Model-derived GLB and landmark data in this directory are distributed under **CC BY-SA 4.0**. See `assets/LICENSE-source.txt` for the original full attribution. Source/export hashes are in `assets/provenance.json`. Rendering uses Three.js 0.180.0, MIT license, stored with `vendor/LICENSE-three.txt`. This is a surface anatomy atlas with realistic lighting, not a high-resolution photogrammetric specimen scan. Rendering cannot add anatomical detail absent from the source. The skull sidebar also links to the University of Dundee CAHID adult male skull, created by Dr Caroline Erolin from a micro-CT scan: https://sketchfab.com/models/3571157d910c483e8dd9eb3138952fbd/embed . That external scan is a realism reference, not connected to the custom label bank. ## Coverage and limits - **Axial additions:** ethmoid subparts; external occipital protuberance; optic canal; sternum subdivisions and jugular notch; ribs and their head, tubercle and costal groove. - **Appendicular additions:** pectoral girdle, arm, hand, pelvic girdle, lower limb and foot; all named guide markings, eight individual carpals, seven individual tarsals, metacarpals/metatarsals 1–5, and proximal/middle/distal phalanx groups. The thumb and big toe have no middle phalanx. The guide gives the carpal/tarsal counts; individual names are the standard anatomical expansion on the atlas meshes. - **Same marking pipeline:** 54 added point anchors use vertex 1 of the original evaluated `.j` atlas leader line, without changing coordinates. Existing Blender-to-viewer axis conversion, closest-triangle owner selection, bind-pose shading and localized ellipsoid masks are unchanged. Sternum subdivisions use their complete separate source meshes. The ilium, ischium and pubis use original anchors on the fused hip-bone mesh; their patches identify representative regions, not the complete anatomical fusion boundaries. - **Four new approximate targets:** middle nasal concha, perpendicular plate, cribriform plate/olfactory foramina, and jugular notch. The original atlas has no named anchor for these; their source-geometry patches are explicitly approximate and excluded from automatic practice, following the September 28 rule. Individual olfactory foramina are not resolved in this mesh. The existing approximate superior orbital fissure is also a guide requirement. Thus **137 of 142 guide targets** enter automatic quizzes; the five source-limited targets remain available in study mode. With the preserved earlier activity content, 144 of 152 local-model entries enter quizzes; fifteen external worksheet entries retain their original reference-only behavior. - **Vertebral scope limit retained:** the six common landmark locations are source-anchored on L3, and dens on C2; typical cervical and thoracic identification use C4 and T6. The guide requires landmark identification across cervical/thoracic/lumbar specimens. This model does not claim separate verified landmark anchors on each vertebral type. C1 lacks a vertebral body and ordinary spinous process; the guide's blanket wording must not be interpreted as adding them to the atlas. - **Source placement clarification:** the guide lists acetabulum and obturator foramen under pubis. The descriptions preserve the guide's responsibility targets while explaining that the acetabulum involves all three fused hip parts and the obturator foramen is bordered by pubis and ischium. Supplemental anatomy references: [pectoral girdle](https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/8-1-the-pectoral-girdle), [upper limb](https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/8-2-bones-of-the-upper-limb), [pelvic girdle](https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/8-3-the-pelvic-girdle-and-pelvis), [lower limb](https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/8-4-bones-of-the-lower-limb), and the skull/thoracic-cage references above. ## Anatomy references [OpenStax, Anatomy & Physiology 2e: skull](https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/7-2-the-skull), [vertebral column](https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/7-3-the-vertebral-column), [thoracic cage](https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/7-4-the-thoracic-cage), [bone structure](https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/6-3-bone-structure). Canvas controls scope; these support explanatory anatomy. False ribs 8–12 include the floating ribs 11–12.